Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Indonesian ethnomedical plants

Methylene chloride and methanol extracts of 20 Indonesian plants with ethnomedical uses have been assessed for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal properties by disk diffusion method. Extracts of the six plants: Terminalia catappa, Swietenia mahagoni Jacq., Phyllanthus acuminatus, Ipomoea spp., Tylophora asthmatica and Hyptis brevipes demonstrated high activity in this bioassay system. These findings should stimulate the search for novel, natural product such as new antibacterial and antifungal agents.     

Seasonal variations in photosynthesis of Picea morrisonicola growing in the subalpine region of subtropical Taiwan

From January 1999 to May 2001, we investigated seasonal variations in the photosynthetic capacity of Taiwan spruce (Picea morrisonicola Hay.) growing in the subalpine region of subtropical Taiwan (23 degrees 29' N, 120 degrees 53' E, 2600 m a.s.l.). Photosynthetic capacity (near light-saturated net photosynthetic rate, Pnsat, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and soluble protein concentration of needles all increased from mid or late spring to early winter. Even when minimum air temperature of the measuring day dropped to near 0 degrees C, Pnsat remained at about 20% of the highest value observed in winter. There was a curvilinear relationship between Fv/Fm and the minimum or mean air temperature of the measuring day. The increase in Fv/Fm with temperature was slowed when the daily mean air temperature was above 7 degrees C, or the minimum air temperature was above 3 degrees C; however, when air temperatures dropped below these values, Fv/Fm varied sharply. Seasonal variations in Pnsat paralleled those in Fv/Fm and needle soluble protein concentration. In early or mid spring when air temperature and Fv/Fm increased, Pnsat and soluble protein concentration remained low. Multiple regression analysis showed that seasonal variations in Pnsat were affected by Fv/Fm, air temperature and needle soluble protein concentration, and the multiple regression equation could be used to estimate Pnsat in different seasons. We conclude that the decrease in photosynthetic capacity of Taiwan spruce in winter and its subsequent recovery in spring were mainly caused by photoinhibition and its reversal, and changes in needle soluble protein concentration. Another possible explanation for the delayed recovery of photosynthetic capacity in spring may be associated with the slow increase in needle soluble protein concentration.     

Essential oil from the leaves of Cryptomeria japonica acts as a silverfish (Lepisma saccharina) repellent and insecticide

This is the first article to report the evaluation of a natural product used as an antisilverfish agent. Silverfish (Lepisma saccharina), primitive wingless insects, feed on a variety of materials, including paper, cotton, starch, and cereals. They can be a problem in libraries and other places where books, documents, and papers are stored. In this pilot study, the essential oil from leaves of Cryptomeria japonica was investigated to test its properties as a silverfish repellent and insecticide. The results from a repellency bioassay show that the essential oil significantly repelled silverfish. The repellent activity was 80% at a dosage of 0.01 mg/cm³. When silverfish were exposed to a concentration of 0.16 mg/cm³ of essential oil, they were killed within 10h. The chemical composition of essential oil, the emissions from a test chamber, and the residue left on filter papers previously soaked with the essential oil in a chamber were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The components of the essential oil were found to be: elemol (18.22%), 16-kaurene (11.63%), 3-carene (9.66%), sabinene (9.37%), 4-terpineol (9.06%), β-eudesmol (5.70%), α-pinene (5.62%), and limonene (5.26%). Only some constituents of the essential oil compounds collected by solid-phase microextraction were found to be emitted in the test chamber. The main constituents were: 3-carene (21.03%), p-cymene (10.95%), limonene (9.49%), β-myrcene (9.39%), γ-terpinene (9.10%), α-terpinene (8.57%), and 4-terpineol (7.97%).     

Determination of nitrofuran residues in milk of dairy cows using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

An analytical method has been developed for the determination of total bound and extractable residues of the nitrofuran drugs furazolidone, nitrofurazone, furaltadone, and nitrofurantoin in milk of dairy cows. The method involves overnight acid hydrolysis and simultaneous derivatization of the released side chains with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde. During hydrolysis, the bound metabolites are hydrolyzed to the side chains. After pH adjustment and solid-phase extraction cleanup, the derivatives are detected and quantitated using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface. Validation of the method is accomplished by fortifying control milk with a mixture of side chains at 1, 2, and 4 ng/g. Internal standards are added at the beginning of the procedure to compensate for matrix effects and recovery losses. Method accuracies range from 83 to 104% with coefficients of variation less than 13% for all four analytes. The limits of detection are相似文献   

旋转式多比例分样方法对作物籽粒分样效果的研究

为验证旋转式多比例分样方法的可行性,探究旋转式多比例分样方法对作物籽粒的分样效果,以谷子、绿豆、大豆和玉米籽粒材料制备成混合样品,在不同转速(0~30.0 r/min)处理和不同进样时间(60、90、120 s)内比较旋转式多比例分样方法获得1/2、1/4、1/8和1/16子样的代表性和缩分比误差。结果表明,在转速0~30.0 r/min和进样时间60~120 s的情况下,旋转式多比例分样方法获得子样的分样误差和均无显著差异,且均不高于四分法(CK)。但是,除不旋转(0 r/min)处理的1/8四盒和1/16单盒及30 r/min处理的1/16单盒子样的缩分比误差显著高于对照外,旋转处理(转速≥7.5 r/min)的单盒、双盒或四盒子样的缩分比误差不高于四分法对照。因此,在进行样品前处理的分样工作中应用旋转式多比例分样方法是可行的,应设置转速≥7.5 r/min,取相对2个扇盒或十字相对4个扇盒形成的子样。     

吉林省鲜食葡萄产业分析及发展对策

本文介绍了吉林省近二十年鲜食葡萄产业发展情况,结合地区分布、品种构成和栽培模式,概述了我省鲜食葡萄栽培现状,结合多年实地调研,指出了葡萄生产中存在的主要问题,并依据葡萄产业发展趋势提出了相应的对策和建议.     

TGF-β通路相关基因在绵羊性腺轴组织的表达分析

为探究候选基因INHBB、SMAD4和FGF18对发情性状及BMP6、TGFBR2和SKP1对产羔数的影响机制,利用荧光定量PCR分别检测INHBB、SMAD4和FGF18在FecB++型卵泡期和黄体期小尾寒羊,以及BMP6、TGFBR2和SKP1在FecB++和FecBBB型卵泡期小尾寒羊下丘脑、垂体、卵巢、输卵管和子宫中表达差异.INHBB在小尾寒羊5个组织中均表达,垂体和卵巢中表达量最高,卵泡期卵巢和子宫中INHBB表达量极显著高于黄体期(P＜0.01),黄体期输卵管中表达量极显著高于卵泡期榆卵管(P＜0.01);SMAD4在小尾寒羊5个组织中均表达,在垂体中表达量最高,黄体期子宫中SMAD4表达量极显著高于卵泡期子宫(P＜0.01);在小尾寒羊5个组织中,FGF18在输卵管中表达量最高,垂体中表达量低,卵泡期输卵管中该基因表达量极显著高于黄体期(P＜0.01);BMP6在小尾寒羊5个组织中均表达,垂体中表达量最高,FecBBB型下丘脑中BMP6表达量极显著高于FecB++(P＜0.01);TGFBR2在小尾寒羊5个组织中均表达,卵巢中表达量最高,FecB++型子宫中TGFBR2表达量极显著高于FecBBB型(P＜0.01);SKP1在小尾寒羊5个组织中均表达,下丘脑和垂体中表达量最高,FecBBB型垂体中SKP1表达量极显著高于FecB++(P＜O.01).研究显示这6个基因可能对绵羊繁殖力有一定影响.     

山东高效农业模式下田间管理装备研究进展与对策

现代高效农业是追求经济、社会和生态综合效益最佳的现代农业产业,其发展面临着资源和环境双重压力。从产品设计与制造、机械除草、变量施肥和精准施药等角度深入分析国内外田间管理主要环节作业装备的研发现状,指出肥药资源的精准供给和农机资源的高效利用是山东省高效农业模式下田间管理装备发展面临的两大关键问题。对此,提出在田间管理全环节的关键基础理论和核心技术突破基础上,通过“以机代药”和智能化技术有机融合,实现减药降污及作业过程的精确感知与精准管控,在保证农艺要求的同时减少资源浪费,缓解生态安全问题;提出通过模块化设计使农机装备得以“按需组装”,实现高效利用;并结合现代传感、物联网等先进技术手段将田间管理装备作业过程纳入到智能农业互联网平台,构建全新高可靠农机大数据,从而实现全农艺环节的高质高效,促进山东省现代高效农业的发展。     

添加配重的五杆式丹参移栽机构动力学优化设计与试验

配重法能降低五杆式丹参移栽机构的振动,改善其动力学性能.为获取所添加配重的最优参数,建立五杆式丹参移栽机构的动力学模型,在动力学模型的基础上建立移栽机构的动力学优化模型,运用多目标函数获取机构不同转速下所添加配重的优化参数,通过动力学分析,确定曲柄转速为60 r/min时所对应的配重参数为最优参数组合:曲柄AB添加配重...     

大弹涂鱼血细胞发生的研究

通过对大鲜涂鱼血液、肾脏、脾脏组织涂片的观察，发现其肾脏、脾脏内白细胞的发育大致经过了3个阶段，即原始阶段、幼稚阶段、成熟阶段。造血母细胞从造血器官释放入外周血中有一成熟过程。着重描述了大弹涂鱼的红细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞发生过程中各阶段细胞的形态特征。